Ignito

Ignito

Share this post

Ignito
Ignito
[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #65] 3 Billion Daily Active Users : How Facebook News Feed Algorithm Actually Works
Ignito

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #65] 3 Billion Daily Active Users : How Facebook News Feed Algorithm Actually Works

With detailed explanation and flow chart....

Naina Chaturvedi's avatar
Naina Chaturvedi
Mar 07, 2025
∙ Paid
1

Share this post

Ignito
Ignito
[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #65] 3 Billion Daily Active Users : How Facebook News Feed Algorithm Actually Works
Share

Hi All,

Facebook's News Feed Algorithm is a engineering marvel, capable of serving personalized content to 2.9 billion daily active users with less than 50ms latency, leveraging PyTorch for machine learning and Cassandra for data storage. This sophisticated system forms the core of Facebook's user experience, delivering relevant and engaging content to users in real time.

Let me deep into how this system works, exploring the key components, technologies, and processes that enable such massive scale, low latency content delivery. 

Learn how to Design Facebook Newsfeed

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #2] How Lyft Handles 2x Traffic Spikes during Peak Hours with Auto scaling Infrastructure..


System Overview 

  • Daily Active Users (DAU): 2.9 billion 

  • Posts processed daily: 4+ billion 

  • Peak requests per second: 10 million+ 

  • Average feed generation time: < 50ms 

  • ML model inference time: < 10ms 

  • Cassandra read latency: < 5ms for 99% of queries 

  • PyTorch models in production: 1,000+ 

  • Features considered per post: 100,000+ 

  • Data points processed daily: 100+ trillion 

  • Global data centers: 15+ 

  • Edge locations: 100+ 

  • System availability: 99.99% 


How Real World Scalable Systems are Build — 200+ System Design Case Studies:

[System Design Case Study #27] 3 Billion Daily Users : How Youtube Actually Scales

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #26] Processing 2 Billion Daily Queries : How Facebook Graph Search Actually Works

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #26] 1.5 Billion Swipes per Day : How Tinder Matching Actually Works

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #25] 500+ Million Users Daily : How Instagram Stories Actually Work

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #24] 2.9 Billion Daily Active Users : How Facebook News Feed Algorithm Actually Works

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #22] 20 Billion Messages Daily: How Facebook Messenger Actually Works

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #21] 8+ Billion Daily Views: How Facebook's Live Video Ranking Algorithm Works

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #17] How Discord's Real-Time Chat Scales to 200+ Million Users

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #15] 80 Million Photos Daily : How Instagram Achieves Real Time Photo Sharing

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #20] Serving 1 Trillion Edges in Social Graph with 1ms Read Times : How Facebook TAO works

[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #2] How Lyft Handles 2x Traffic Spikes during Peak Hours with Auto scaling Infrastructure..


How it works ( Behind the tech)—

1. User opens the Facebook app or website:

   - The client-side SDK initializes and establishes a connection with Facebook's servers.

   - The SDK sends user information and device details to the Real-time User Activity Service.

2. Real-time User Activity Service processes user data:

   - Updates the user's interest profile based on their recent activities and interactions.

This post is for paid subscribers

Already a paid subscriber? Sign in
© 2025 Naina
Privacy ∙ Terms ∙ Collection notice
Start writingGet the app
Substack is the home for great culture

Share