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[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #46] 500+ Million Daily Users : How Instagram Stories Actually Work

Tech you must know....with flowchart and explanations how it works..

Naina Chaturvedi's avatar
Naina Chaturvedi
Dec 20, 2024
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Hi All,

Instagram Stories is a tech marvel, capable of delivering ephemeral content to 500 million daily active users in real-time.

This system forms the backbone of one of Instagram's most popular features, enabling users to share and consume short-lived photos and videos seamlessly.

Let's dive deep into how this system works, following the journey of a Story from creation to viewer consumption, and exploring the impressive metrics behind each step . 

System Overview 

Before we begin our journey, let's look at some key overall metrics of Instagram Stories: 

- Daily active users: 500 million 

- Stories created daily: Over 1 billion 

- Peak creation rate: Over 100,000 Stories per second 

- Average Story view time: < 1 second 

- Content types: Photos, videos, boomerangs, live streams 

- Maximum Story duration: 15 seconds per segment 

- Story lifetime: 24 hours 

- Global reach: Available in 150+ countries 

- Supported devices: iOS, Android, Web 

- System availability: 99.99% uptime achieved in 2023 


How Real World Scalable Systems are Build — 200+ System Design Case Studies:

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[System Design Tech Case Study Pulse #2] How Lyft Handles 2x Traffic Spikes during Peak Hours with Auto scaling Infrastructure..


Now, let me walk through the Story creation and consumption process and see how these numbers translate to real-world performance. 

How things Work —

1. Story Creation and Upload 

The journey begins when a user creates a new Story: 

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